Full Layout Guide for Mechanical Keyboard

Mechanical keyboard layouts vary by region (ANSI, ISO, JIS) and size (full-size, TKL, 75%, 65%, 60%, and 40%), each offering different key configurations and functionalities. Full-size layouts provide all keys, including a number pad, while compact layouts like 60% and 40% save desk space but rely on layered functions.

Choosing the right size and layout depends on use cases such as gaming, programming, or portability needs, with options for customization through key remapping, macros, keycap profiles, and ergonomic adjustments. Here’s GravaStar’s mechanical keyboard guide for quick reference. 

Different Types of Mechanical Keyboard Layouts 

Regional standards categorize mechanical keyboard layouts. The most common mechanical keyboard types are ANSI, ISO, and JIS, each differing in key placement and count: 

ANSI, ISO, and JIS Layouts 

ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

Common in the United States, the ANSI layout includes 104 keys, with a single-row Enter key and shorter left Shift key. Known for its familiarity and wide availability, it’s the preferred choice for many in the U.S. due to ease of use and compatibility with custom keycaps. 

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 

Widely used in Europe, the ISO layout has 105 keys, featuring a 2-row Enter key and an extra key next to the left Shift. This layout can make finding keycap sets more challenging, as many sets are primarily designed for ANSI layouts.

JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard)

This layout, common in Japan, includes 106 keys, with additional keys for Japanese character input. It features a smaller space bar and extra keys near the Enter key, accommodating unique input requirements for the Japanese language. 

Common Mechanical Keyboard Sizes 

Mechanical keyboards come in a range of sizes, including full-size and various compact sizes. Each keyboard offers a different number of keys and functionality. 

Feature	Full-Size	Compact
Number of Keys	104+	42 to 84
Desk Space	Larger footprint	Minimal footprint
Portability	Less portable	Easily portable
Functionality	Complete key set	Limited, relies on layers
Use Cases	Data entry, gaming	Programming, portability-focused tasks

Full-Size (100%) 

With 104 keys, full-sized keyboards include the number pad, function keys, and a complete navigation cluster. This layout provides all standard keys in one place, making it ideal for users who need every available key within reach. 

Full-size keyboards offer the convenience of not having to rely on layered key functions, which gives users immediate access to all commands and controls. 

Tenkeyless (TKL, 87 keys) 

Tenkeyless keyboards remove the number pad, offering 87 keys, while keeping the function row and navigation keys intact. This design saves space on your desk without sacrificing essential keys, so it’s a great choice for users looking to optimize their workspace. These smaller keyboards are also more portable than full-size options and provide a compact layout that’s easy to carry or fit into smaller setups​. 

75% (84 keys) 

75% keyboards take compact layouts further by bringing all keys closer together, including the function row and arrow keys, while omitting the number pad and some navigation keys. This size is ideal for those who want to save space but still need quick access to many keys. The condensed layout helps to streamline workflow without taking up too much desk space​.

65% (68 keys) 

The 65% layout drops the function row of keys and some others, focusing on essential functions while keeping dedicated arrow keys. This layout provides a good middle ground between functionality and portability, making it a smart choice for those who prioritize desk space and often work in smaller areas or on the go. 

60% (61 keys) 

This even smaller keyboard removes the number pad, function row, and navigation keys, reducing it to just the alphanumeric keys and basic modifiers. It’s highly compact, ideal for minimalists or those with very limited desk space. Users can access missing functions through custom layers, which makes this layout highly customizable, though it requires some adjustment​.

40% (42 Keys)

A 40% keyboard is the smallest practical layout, featuring 42 keys. This minimalist design excludes the number pad, function row, navigation cluster, and even the entire number row. Users rely heavily on layers to access numbers and other missing functions, which requires a period of adjustment. 

While it has a learning curve, we recommend this layout for individuals who need a portable, highly compact keyboard and appreciate a clean, uncluttered workspace. 

Pros and Cons of Different Keyboard Layouts 

	Pros	Cons
Full-Size	✅ Complete key set, ideal for data entry and gaming  ✅ Convenient for spreadsheets with number pad ✅ Familiar, standard layout	❌ Large footprint takes up more desk space ❌ Less portable and harder to transport ❌ Potential ergonomic strain from wider layout
TKL	✅ Saves space without losing essential keys ✅ Retains function and navigation keys ✅ Allows closer mouse positioning, reducing arm strain	❌ Lacks number pad, which may be necessary for some tasks  ❌ Requires adjustment for users switching from full-size ❌ Fewer options compared to full-size keyboards
75%	✅Compact but functional; keeps function row and arrow keys ✅ Efficient use of desk space  ✅ Portable and easy to carry	❌ Condensed navigation keys can feel cramped ❌ Non-standard key sizes make custom keycaps harder to find ❌ Layout may take time to learn
65%	✅Good balance of portability and key access ✅ Compact size, with essential keys like arrow keys ✅ Ideal for users who want a small setup	❌ No dedicated function row; requires layered access ❌ Key placements vary, affecting customization ❌ Layering adds complexity for accessing some functions
60%	✅Minimal desk space usage; very compact ✅ Highly portable, easy to carry ✅ Flexible for customization and key mapping	❌ No dedicated arrow or function keys, relies on layers ❌ Limited access to shortcuts may slow workflow ❌ Steep learning curve due to layering
40%	✅Ultimate portability; smallest layout available ✅ Minimalistic, uncluttered look ✅ Customization potential with layers and shortcuts	❌ Extremely limited key set; no number row, function, or navigation keys ❌ High learning curve due to heavy layering ❌Few pre-built options; often requires custom assembly

Mechanical Keyboard Layouts: Options for Customization 

Keyboard enthusiasts often build their own custom keyboards from whichever one of the different keyboard sizes they prefer. While the QWERTY layout is the easiest and most common, gamers may prefer custom layouts to help improve efficiency or performance. 

Key Remapping

Users can remap keys by reassigning key functions to suit personal workflows or gaming macros. This flexibility enables the creation of shortcuts and key combinations that enhance productivity and efficiency. Software tools like QMK and VIA facilitate key remapping, providing user-friendly interfaces for customization.

Macro Functions

Using macro functions with programmable keys allows for complex command sequences, streamlining repetitive tasks and improving gaming performance. By assigning a series of actions to a single keypress, users can execute intricate commands swiftly, reducing the need for multiple inputs. This feature is particularly beneficial in gaming and professional environments where speed and precision are paramount.

Custom Keycap Configurations

Many users customize their mechanical keyboards with different keycaps for aesthetic preferences or functional enhancements. Keycaps come in various materials, profiles, and colors, allowing for a personalized look and feel. For example, PBT keycaps are known for their durability and resistance to shine, while ABS keycaps offer a smooth texture. Profiles like SA, DSA, and Cherry affect the shape and height of the keycaps, influencing typing comfort and speed.

Custom PCBs

Custom printed circuit boards (custom PCBs) allow you to create keyboards with specific key arrangements, switch types, and lighting effects. PCBs allow advanced users the freedom to design unique layouts beyond standard models, enabling tailored keyboard experiences. This level of customization is ideal for enthusiasts looking for a unique typing experience that aligns perfectly with their needs. 

Aesthetic and Ergonomic Considerations 

When choosing a mechanical keyboard, it’s helpful to think about both aesthetics and ergonomics, as the layout choices impact appearance, comfort, and usability. 

Look and Feel 

Different layouts shape the keyboard’s look. Compact layouts like 60% and 65% create a clean, minimalist style, which suits users who prefer a simple, modern setup. Full-size keyboards, with their full key set, add visual complexity but offer all keys at a glance, ideal for those who want a traditional and functional design.

Wrist Positioning 

Ergonomic layouts help reduce strain during long typing or gaming sessions. Split keyboards, for example, allow each hand to rest naturally, which promotes a healthier wrist angle. Some keyboards have a “tented” shape that raises the center, encouraging a more neutral hand posture, which is ideal for preventing strain.

Customization 

Many mechanical keyboards allow for customization to match both comfort and style. RGB lighting adds a personal touch, keycap materials like PBT and ABS affect texture and durability, and switch types (tactile or linear) can change the feel of each keypress. These choices help users create a keyboard setup that feels good to use and looks just right.

Selecting a Suitable Keyboard Based on Use Case 

Choosing the right keyboard layout depends on your specific needs. Consider factors like desk space, portability, and specific task requirements when selecting your keyboard layout. 

Gaming 

For gaming, TKL (tenkeyless) and compact layouts are ideal. They save space and let you position your mouse closer to the keyboard, giving you more room for quick movements. Without the number pad, TKL keyboards offer more freedom for mouse placement, which is helpful in fast-paced games.

Programming 

Full-size keyboards work well for programming, offering more keys and shortcuts that simplify complex coding tasks. With a number pad, function keys, and navigation keys, full-size layouts allow quick access to various commands and shortcuts, improving productivity.

Typing 

If you’ll be typing for long periods, ergonomic full-size or TKL keyboards are a good choice. They support a comfortable hand and wrist position, which reduces strain. Features like split designs and wrist rests can make typing even more comfortable, perfect for extended use.

Portability 

For frequent travelers or those with limited desk space, 60% and 65% keyboards are excellent. Their compact size makes them easy to carry and fit into small workspaces. Despite being smaller, these layouts keep essential keys accessible through function layers, making them versatile for various tasks.

GravaStar provides a range of high-performance keyboards and mechanical keyboards designed for an exceptional experience. If you're a keyboard enthusiast, exploring various keyboard features is worthwhile, as they can greatly influence your comfort, efficiency, and overall performance. Check out our keyboard collection here!

Full Layout Guide for Mechanical Keyboard | FAQs 

What is an ortholinear keyboard layout?

An ortholinear keyboard layout arranges keys in a straight grid pattern, aligning them vertically and horizontally. Unlike the staggered layout of traditional keyboards, ortholinear designs aim to reduce finger movement and improve typing efficiency. This layout is often found in compact keyboards like the 40% Planck. It may take time to get used to but can offer benefits in typing speed, accuracy, and comfort. 

How do I remap keys on my mechanical keyboard?

To remap keys on your mechanical keyboard, use tools like Microsoft PowerToys, SharpKeys, or AutoHotkey for simple or advanced customization. For manufacturer-specific options, Corsair iCUE and Razer Synapse offer easy remapping, while QMK and VIA firmware provide deeper control for compatible keyboards.

How do I choose the right keycap profile for my keyboard layout?

To choose the right keycap profile, consider your typing style, keyboard layout, and aesthetic preferences. Sculpted profiles like SA and OEM suit traditional layouts and touch typists, whereas flat profiles like DSA and XDA work well for compact layouts and offer a modern look.